EXPERT SYSTEM FOR MONITORING THE SAFETY OF THE AIRCRAFT APPROACH TAKING INTO ACCOUNT FAILURES OF ON-BOARD EQUIPMENT AND OTHER NEGATIVE FACTORS
Abstract
The aim of the study is to increase the flight safety of aircraft when landing. To automate the decision to continue landing, an adaptive expert system of fuzzy logic is proposed. The system allows you to determine the confidence coefficient to ensure the required landing safety while taking into account many negative factors of various physical nature. The following factors were considered in the work: possible rapprochement of aircraft during approach near the airport; low fuel supply; difficult weather conditions at the planned landing site; failures of airborne equip-ment. It is accepted that the dominant hazard is the appearance of on-board equipment failures in flight, and the most critical in terms of the possibility of eliminating them is the failure of the steering gears or steering bodies. At the same time, reconfiguration is understood as compensa-tion for failures of the steering surfaces of the aircraft by changing the control system algo-rithms, which leads to the redistribution of control signals from the failed steering drives to operable in order to keep the dynamics of the aircraft unchanged. In addition, with the constant compaction of traffic flows in the airspace of airports, the approach of two aircraft flying at the same height is likely when the main ship flies to the airfield and the other intruder flies lateral-ly, flying around the airport when approaching to select another runway, for example, with a sudden change in wind direction. Taking into account these heterogeneous factors, it is neces-sary to give a unified assessment of the danger of flight and determine the coefficient of confi-dence in the continuation of landing or retreat to a second round. Given the significant uncer-tainty in the quantitative assessment of these factors, the problem is solved by a method based on the use of membership functions and the base of fuzzy rules. The proposed expert system is adaptive. The membership functions used have boundary interval points that depend on three parameters that vary during the flight: the speed of approach with other aircraft; time remaining before boarding; weather conditions at the intended landing site. At the output of the expert system, a signal is generated in the form of a decreasing estimate of the confidence coefficient in the continuation of the landing, upon reaching which the specified threshold should be decided on an emergency landing on the alternate aerodrome.
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