MODEL OF SCATTERING OF RADAR SIGNALS FROM UAV

Abstract

In this article, a model of scattering of radar signals from unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) of a multi-rotor type is considered for the formation of training data for a neural network classifier. Recently, there has been an increased interest in studying the issue of detecting and classifying small unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), which is associated with the development of the UAV range in sales and production. In addition to the development of UAVs, an increase in the performance of computers made it possible to create classifiers using new neural network algorithms. This model generates radar images obtained as a result of the reflection of a chirp radar signal from an unmanned aerial vehicle, taking into account the configuration, characteristics, current location and flight parameters of the observed object. When calculating the reflected signal, the angles of rotation of the UAV (pitch, roll and yaw), flight speed, size and location of propellers in the current UAV configuration are taken into account. The resulting model can be useful for the formation of a training set of a classifier of unmanned aerial vehicles of a multi-rotor type, builtusing convolutional neural networks. The need to use a model that generates data for a neural network is due to the requirement for a large number of training and verification samples, as well as a wide variety of configurations of unmanned aerial vehicles, which greatly increases the complexity and cost of creating a training dataset using experimental measurements. In addition to training the neural network itself, this model can be used to assess the detection and classification of various types of multi-rotor UAVs, in the development of a specialized radar station for detecting this type of objects.

Authors

References

1. Harmanny R.I.A., de Wit J.J.M., Premel-Cabic G. Radar micro-Doppler mini-UAV classification
using spectrograms and cepstrograms, International Journal of Microwave and Wireless
Technologies, 2015, Vol. 7, No. 3-4, pp. 469.
2. Oh B.S. et al. An EMD-based micro-Doppler signature analysis for mini-UAV blade flash
reconstruction, 2017 22nd International Conference on Digital Signal Processing (DSP).
IEEE, 2017, pp. 1-5.
3. Tahmoush D. Detection of small UAV helicopters using micro-Doppler, Radar Sensor Technology
XVIII. International Society for Optics and Photonics, 2014, Vol. 9077, pp. 907717.
4. Molchanov P. et al. Classification of small UAVs and birds by micro-Doppler signatures, International
Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies, 2014, Vol. 6, No. 3-4, pp. 435-444.
5. De Wit J.J.M., Harmanny R.I.A., Molchanov P. Radar micro-Doppler feature extraction using
the singular value decomposition, 2014 International Radar Conference. IEEE, 2014, pp. 1-6.
6. Fuhrmann L. et al. Micro-Doppler analysis and classification of UAVs at Ka band, 2017 18th
International Radar Symposium (IRS). IEEE, 2017, pp. 1-9.
7. Zhang P. et al. Classification of drones based on micro-Doppler signatures with dual-band
radar sensors, 2017 Progress in Electromagnetics Research Symposium-Fall (PIERS-FALL).
IEEE, 2017, pp. 638-643.
8. Kim B.K., Kang H.S., Park S.O. Drone classification using convolutional neural networks with
merged Doppler images, IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, 2016, Vol. 14, No. 1,
pp. 38-42.
9. Martinez J. et al. Convolutional neural network assisted detection and localization of UAVs
with a narrowband multi-site radar, 2018 IEEE MTT-S International Conference on Microwaves
for Intelligent Mobility (ICMIM). IEEE, 2018, pp. 1-4.
10. Stankovic L., Daković M., Thayaparan T. Time-frequency signal analysis with applications.
Artech house, 2014.
11. Stankovic L., Djurovic I., Thayaparan T. Separation of target rigid body and micro-Doppler
effects in ISAR imaging, IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 2006, Vol.
42, No. 4, pp. 1496-1506.
12. Stankovic L., Thayaparan T., Dakovic M. Signal decomposition by using the S-method with
application to the analysis of HF radar signals in sea-clutter, IEEE Transactions on Signal
Processing, 2006, Vol. 54, No. 11, pp. 4332-4342.
13. Fioranelli F. et al. Classification of loaded/unloaded micro-drones using multistatic radar,
Electronics Letters, 2015, Vol. 51, No. 22, pp. 1813-1815.
14. Schmidt R. Multiple emitter location and signal parameter estimation, IEEE transactions on
antennas and propagation, 1986, Vol. 34, No. 3, pp. 276-280.
15. Tan R. et al. Improved micro-Doppler features extraction using smoothed-pseudo Wigner-
Ville distribution, 2016 IEEE Region 10 Conference (TENCON). IEEE, 2016, pp. 730-733.
16. Yardibi T. et al. Source localization and sensing: A nonparametric iterative adaptive approach
based on weighted least squares, IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems,
2010, Vol. 46, No. 1, pp. 425-443.
17. Sun H. et al. Improving the Doppler resolution of ground-based surveillance radar for drone
detection, IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 2019, Vol. 55, No. 6, pp.
3667-3673.
18. Bai X. et al. Imaging of micromotion targets with rotating parts based on empirical-mode decomposition,
IEEE transactions on geoscience and remote sensing, 2008, Vol. 46, No. 11,
pp. 3514-3523.
19. Ziyue T., Yongliang W., Zhiwen W. STAP scheme to detection of hovering helicopter, WCC
2000-ICSP 2000. 2000 5th International Conference on Signal Processing Proceedings. 16th
World Computer Congress 2000. IEEE, 2000, Vol. 3, pp. 1921-1924.
20. Slyusar' N.M. Vtorichnaya modulyatsiya radiolokatsionnykh signalov dinamicheskimi
ob"ektami [Secondary modulation of radar signals by dynamic objects]. Smolensk: VA VPVO
SV RF, 2006.

Скачивания

Published:

2021-07-18

Issue:

Section:

SECTION III. MODELING OF PROCESSES AND SYSTEMS

Keywords:

Mathematical model, unmanned aerial vehicles, UAV, FMCW, range-speed portrait, RSP