No. 4 (2023)

Medical information systems currently are becoming the most popular tools for processing,
storing, organizing, and transmitting patient medical data. Medical examinations can be presented
in the form of files in various formats and vary greatly in terms of size (from a few bytes to hundreds
of gigabytes). For example, some binary files are small and lightweight because they contain
only doctors' conclusions in the form of a text description. However, records of night video
monitoring of a patient or DICOM files of human organs CT scans containing several hundred
slices, can reach hundreds of gigabytes in size. Accordingly, large files require significant computing
resources when transferred from server to server. In addition, when using the security method,
which is an algorithm of a secret sharing (medical output file) according to the Shamir sharing
scheme, operations to split the secret into parts and merge the parts together may take longer in
serial operation than in parallel way. Therefore, it seems possible to speed up the processing of
big data without reducing the level of security. The main purpose of the work is to confirm the
hypothesis of reducing time to perform the operation of splitting and merging parts of a secret
based on parallel computing tools withing implementing the security method according to the
Shamir secret sharing scheme in a medical information system. The object of the study is a security
method developed by the author for implementation in the information security subsystems of a
medical information system. As part of the study, author analyzed the most effective tools for parallelizing
processes (like MPI and OpenMP). MPI has been used as a tool as much more suitable
for the current purpose. Moreover, several waves of experiments have been run (analysis of time
depending on the number of parallel streams and the number of characters contained in the
DICOM file) and allowed us to prove a concept of parallelizing the secret exchange algorithm
based on the Shamir scheme, achieving almost linear acceleration using the MPI library

Digitalization is the leading trend of modern humanity. It allows you to solve many everyday
tasks with the help of devices with specialized algorithms, facilitating everyday life, as well as
solving a number of tasks for which qualified specialists were needed yesterday. One of these tasks
is the independent preliminary diagnosis of patients in medicine. The ability to perform such diagnostics
allows you to reduce the time to identify problems with various diseases, in particular neurological
disorders, including cases such as a defect of fine motor skills, this allows you to reduce
the burden on medical specialists. It is worth noting that time plays a crucial role in the process of
providing medical care, and the timely provision of medical care can save a person's life. Thus,
the development of a solution that allows independent preliminary diagnosis of fine motor defects
by using technical tools that almost everyone has is an urgent task today. The aim of the work is to
expand the methods for diagnosing the presence of defects in fine motor skills. To achieve this
goal, the tasks were set to study the available solutions on the topic and develop a specialized algorithm intended for use in smartphones as part of a biomedical monitoring system. The article
presents an algorithm for determining the defects of fine motor skills of a person according to the
kinematic sensors of a smartphone – a three-axis accelerometer. The presented solution is based
on the analysis of the deviation angles obtained from the smartphone accelerometer when the
patient performs the assigned task (exercise). The task requires the patient to take a starting position
for three seconds and then hold the smartphone at arm's length for 10 seconds, during which
the readings of the three-axis accelerometer are measured. The test results of the solution showed
the accuracy of the solution at the level of 0.05 of the alpha error and 0.09 of the beta error. The
results obtained indicate the possibility of using the solution for preliminary self-diagnosis and
can be used as an element of the diagnostic module in large biomedical monitoring systems.

Homomorphic cryptography is a special kind of cryptography that allows you to perform operations
on encrypted data without first decrypting it. Due these features, homomorphic cryptography
can be effectively used to perform secure cloud computing. To solve various applied problems,
support for all mathematical operations is required, as well as support for rational numbers in order
to effectively implement the division operation and reduce the loss of accuracy during rounding of the
result. Also, to improve the accuracy of calculations, it is necessary to use numbers in floating point
format, but this topic has not been sufficiently researched. Support for all arithmetic and logical operations
within a single homomorphic encryption scheme will allow us to perform a homomorphic
implementation of almost any data processing algorithm, and the representation of numbers in floating
point format will improve the accuracy of calculations and the maximum dimension of the processed
data with the same amount of memory consumed, when compared with bitwise homomorphic algorithm over integers. For example, to solve SLAE by the Gaussian method, it is necessary to support
the operations of difference, multiplication, division, and comparison of numbers, and it is also
necessary to represent numbers in floating point format, otherwise, during the back substitution after
each division operation, rounding of the result will occur, and the error will accumulate. This article
discusses the possibility of performing homomorphic bitwise operations on numbers in floating point
format. The most common floating-point representation format, IEEE 754, is considered. Alternative
solutions for homomorphic processing of rational numbers are considered. An analysis is made of
the possibility of implementing bitwise homomorphic arithmetic operations - addition, difference,
multiplication and division, over homomorphically encrypted numbers in floating point format. Difficulties
arising in the implementation of homomorphic arithmetic operations are analyzed, methods
for solving them are considered, and the resulting algorithms for homomorphically encrypted data
are presented. The analysis of the results obtained is carried out and recommendations are given
regarding the choice of a method for representing homomorphically encrypted data, depending on
the problem being solved.

Modern realities set digitalization tasks for humanity in various areas of work and life,
speeding up the deadline for completing tasks and facilitating them. Modern technology equipped
with sensors that can be used for preliminary diagnosis allows you to identify various symptoms
that may be the reason for visiting medical institutions. This allows you to gain time – a very valuable
resource when it comes to human life. Therefore, the ability to perform such diagnostics the
determination of respiratory rate, is an urgent task today. The article presents a method for determining
the respiratory rate using a three-axis accelerometer on a mobile device. This method can
be used in a user health monitoring application in the absence of smart watches. The method allows
the user to measure the respiratory rate of a person only if the user is in a sitting position and
a mobile device equipped with the necessary sensor is in the upper anterior thigh area (pocket
area). The algorithm for determining the respiratory rate is implemented in two programming
languages: Python and MatLab. The algorithm uses a respiratory rate stabilizer, because the accelerometer sampling rate is not constant from an Android-based mobile device. Next, the signal is
normalized by the z-normalization method. To isolate the frequency interval in which the respiratory
rate is calculated, the Butterworth filter of the 1st order is used. The analysis of independent
components makes it possible to obtain its independent components from a mixture of signals.
Several implementations of this method have been tested in Python and Matlab. The best quality
results were shown by an algorithm implemented in MatLab using the built-in reconstructive analysis
of independent components (RICA) from a set of statistics and machine learning tools. In
terms of speed, the best results were shown by the implementation of the algorithm in Python with
the method of fast analysis of independent components (FastICA). The MSE for the range of
10-20 breaths per minute was 2.14 breaths per minute. The MSE for 20-30 breaths per minute was
3.46 breaths per minute.

The article discusses the topic of high-availability multiprocessor systems used in tasks such as
geolocation, targeting, atomic systems, forecasting, surveillance, tracking and others. When emergency
situations arise, such as a malfunction or failure of individual processor modules of the system, as well
as situations associated with operational impact on a multiprocessor system, there is a need for an urgent
response. A multiprocessor system can respond to emergency situations in a certain way, which
consists of scheduling the placement or relocation of parallel tasks. The placement planning problem is
formally defined as the process of mapping the vertices and arcs of a weighted digraph describing the
tasks being performed onto an irregular graph, which in turn represents the physical structure of a multiprocessor
system. When choosing the optimal transformation, special attention is paid to minimizing
the total weight of the arcs that reflect the relationships between completed tasks. This process is essentially
a more complex version of the graph search problem. It is important to emphasize that this type of
search is a classical NP-complete problem in graph theory. Beehive algorithms, genetic evolution, ant
colonies, and guillotine cutting are all popular methods for finding optimal placements that are not
suitable for this task because they mostly perform the search at the software level. In order for the system
to quickly respond to emergency situations, it must quickly perform calculations, which these methods
cannot allow. Therefore, an urgent task is to develop a method and algorithm for planning the
placement of tasks in matrix hypercubic multiprocessor systems of high availability. This work continues
the ideas presented in previously published works in this area in terms of combining search and calculation
steps to test intermediate options. Additional information in the form of relations of distances between
graph elements allows us to reduce the search, which is confirmed by testing on typical graphs.

The purpose of the study is to study the problems arising in the process of digital image
processing in systems for obtaining textual characteristics of product objects. Such as the selection
of objects that fall into the frames of the video stream and the recognition of text markings,
without the use of specialized hardware. In particular, the problems that arise when working
with images containing different levels of noise and distortion. The objectives of the study i nclude
a comparative and analytical examination of diverse methods and algorithms utilized in
the realm of digital image processing. The primary objectives include identifying, segmenting,
and classifying text-containing portions within the video stream. The study aims to construct a
mathematical model for text extraction from video frames that is adaptable to a wide array of
objects. Evaluate recognition accuracy under varying levels of noise and perform a comparative
analysis against alternative solutions based on the acquired data. The presented system
analyzes the frames of the video stream and classifies the characteristics of the products in the
frame. The solution demonstrates the behaviour and capabilities of digital image processing
methods in various conditions in relation to the tasks of text classification and object search in
a video stream. During the development of this system, a comparison of various options for recognizing
symbolic information was carried out.

Advances in mechanical engineering make it possible to create more advanced and efficient
equipment, but at the same time, its complexity and the requirements for managing its life cycle
and maintenance increase. Requirements for reliability and availability also create additional
challenges to life cycle management. There are various maintenance planning strategies. Among
them, the most promising is the predictive strategy based on forecasting the remaining useful life
of the equipment. Existing methods for predicting the remaining useful life of equipment focus on
the use of historical data aggregated by work cycles, while there are no widely used methods for
forecasting using continuous data, including high-frequency data, received from equipment and
containing work cycles of various durations and data recorded during downtime. To solve this
problem, a method for predicting the remaining useful life is proposed with the determination of
work cycles in the initial data and the aggregation of their values into one-dimensional vectors for
the purpose of further use for training the forecasting model. The results demonstrate the successful
applicability of the proposed method - in combination with the XGBoost forecast model, it is
possible to achieve accuracy on data obtained from a gas turbine engine with a root mean square
error of 14.02 and mean average error of 10.71.

The article describes approaches and methods for managing a group of moving objects,
characterized by the ability to autonomously make decisions about their status within the group.
Another problem of managing such a grouping is weak predictive solutions for the connectivity of
pairs of elements and their dependence on a single control center. Nanosatellites operating under
conditions of uncertainty in the internal and external environment are considered as such objects.
The goal is to ensure the coherence of the group’s apparatus through a decentralized change in
structure. It is shown that methods and algorithms for dynamic reconfiguration of a group of moving
objects predominantly use a centralized approach and a single ground control center, which is
impractical for small space exploration. A class of management methods using knowledge processing
methods and technology (artificial intelligence technology) is considered, allowing for the
identification and use of additional information about the configuration of the group. Configuration
is understood as a dual system that describes the composition and connections between neighboring elements with some quantitative assessment. The article checks the connectivity configuration
of elements to ensure continuous data transfer between a pair of arbitrary grouping
elements. The proposed reconfiguration method is hierarchical: at the upper level, reconfiguration
is based on the principles of self-organization; at the lower level, the grouping is understood as an
adaptive system that changes its state based on a trained neural network based on historical data -
time series of parameters of devices and their locations. The method is a two-level cycle of polling
each element for grouping its neighbors and drawing up a network map. This network map shows
the available connections, taking into account the current steam numbers of each device. The second
(nested) polling cycle uses control information about the future state of the device and the
connectivity of the group as a whole. Making changes to the network map instances by each device
and updating the network map instances allows, upon completion of the polling cycles, to obtain
the configuration of working devices. The results of the comparative analysis showed that management
methods based on the principles of self-organization and adaptive change in structure are
the most suitable for dynamic reconfiguration of the group. This result is possible due to the support
of forecasting steps.

The speed of changes in the innovative development of the economy is constantly increasing,
especially in high-tech areas. In this regard, the task of conducting continuous dynamic monitoring,
identifying significant technologies and strategic analysis of the directions of development of
science and technology becomes extremely important. Currently, this work is not automated and
requires significant financial and time costs. The paper analyzes the main problems of building
monitoring procedures and identifying emerging technologies, the formation and development of
technological trends. The solution of the tasks of automating the process of determining trends is
associated with the development and use of formalized procedures and statistical methods for the
study of texts of scientific publications, patents and collections of scientific and technological documents.
However, due to the high dynamics of changes, bibliometric and linguistic analysis is not
enough to form development trends. The implementation of a new technological development may
take several years. In this regard, it is necessary that by the time the development is completed, the
project goal remains relevant, and the achieved parameters have competitive advantages. Achieving
the set tasks is impossible without understanding the evolution of technologies and technical
solutions over time and forecasting their new quality parameters. The available methods of assessing
and forecasting the level of technology development do not consider, as a rule, the high
dynamics of the formation of new trajectories of technology development and their interrelationships
in technological trends. It is necessary to create information and analytical data processing
systems that will allow technologies to be isolated from open or closed sources and interpreted.
In this paper, the method of identifying emerging technologies and the formation of technological
trends is considered. The methodology takes into account the presence of trend characteristics, the
interrelationships of individual technologies and the type of trend. The main stages of the formation
of new technologies are determined. The characteristics and main criteria of the new trend
are highlighted. A classification of the types of new trends is proposed. For the given subject areas,
an algorithm for the formation and analysis of the characteristics of the technological trend is
proposed.

In this paper, one of the most common and significant problems of rapidly developing settlements
is considered - inconsistent regulation of traffic flows using optical controls at several
sections of the intersection of carriageways. This problem is most relevant in settlements with a
prominent level of uncontrolled population growth, using personal vehicles as the main means of
transportation. The relevance of the formed problem is substantiated by a sharp increase in the
number of road users, which entails the risks of traffic accidents, as well as the complication of
logistics design, associated with an increase in the financial costs of transport and logistics companies.
To solve the identified problem, within the framework of the presented work, a brief review
of literary sources is given, which makes it possible to assess the current level of development of
systems for this purpose. As a result of this review, it was found that the most effective methods for
solving the problem posed are the use of fuzzy graph methods. In this regard, it was decided to
conduct a study of these methods, as part of solving the identified problems on the example of road
sections of the city of Taganrog. The use of periodic temporal fuzzy graphs is proposed as the
main approach used in the regulation of traffic. This work is the initial theoretical basis for further
research and allows you to form a holistic view of the features of the above graphs. The novelty of
this work is determined based on the use of periodic temporal fuzzy graphs in the framework of
solving the problem of regulating traffic flows at successive sections of the intersection of carriageways.

In this work, the object of study is the problem of rectangular packing in a semi-infinite
strip. Given a set of rectangles. Given one large object (called a strip), whose width D is given,
and whose height HP is the desired value of the variable. The goal is to minimize the HP height of
a strip containing rectangles placed in the strip without overlapping each other. To solve the
packaging problem, a new hybrid approach is proposed based on the decomposition of the general
packaging problem and hybridization of bioinspired methods, as well as a new hybrid approach to
the decomposition of the general packaging problem. New architecture and methods for solving
the packing problem have been developed, built on the basis of decomposition and hybridization of
swarm methods developed by the authors, using various search strategies, operating in parallel and sequentially and implementing a wider overview of the solution space, which allows for a
higher probability of localizing a global extremum in an acceptable time. A methodology has been
developed for a new direction in searching for solutions to orthogonal packing problems based on
models of adaptive behavior of biological systems. A highly effective hybrid bioinspired method
for solving one-dimensional and rectangular packaging problems has been developed, based on
the decomposition of the problem into many subtasks and the integration of search optimization
methods. New mechanisms for solving the packaging problem are proposed, using mathematical
methods that incorporate the principles of natural decision-making mechanisms. In contrast to the
canonical paradigm of the ant algorithm, the agent forms a partition of the set of rectangular elements
A into subsets Aki on the solution search graph as a solution, where Akj is a subset of elements
assigned by the agent to the block. Search methods have been developed for solving problems
of guillotine and non-guillotine rectangular cutting. To conduct objective experiments, wellknown
test tasks presented in the literature and the Internet were used. Better results were obtained
compared to the tested methods. The theoretical principles proposed in the work for solving
problems of packaging and cutting industrial objects in single production conditions are implemented
in the form of methods, algorithms and application software. Compared to existing algorithms,
a 3-5% improvement in results was achieved. The time complexity of the algorithm, obtained
experimentally, practically coincides with theoretical studies and for the considered test
problems is О(n2).

An approach to the analysis of Lyapunov stability of systems of nonlinear ordinary differential
equations is developed. The approach is based on vector multiplicative transformations of
numerical integration difference schemes under general constraints. In the course of transformations,
the magnitude of the perturbation of the solution is determined as an infinite vector product
multiplied by the perturbation of the initial data. Consequently, the infinite vector product
determines the nature of the stability of the system. This implies criteria for stability and asymptotic
stability of a nonlinear system of ordinary differential equations in multiplicative form. The mathematical construction of the criteria entails the possibility of their software implementation,
which serves as the basis for computerization of the stability analysis according to Lyapunov. The
replacement of an infinite vector product by a finite product, which is necessary in the process of
software implementation, preserves the reliability of the stability analysis according to the proposed
criteria. Further, varieties of stability criteria are constructed in additive and logarithmic form,
equivalent to the previously obtained criteria. Under additional restrictions, stability criteria are
constructed according to the nature of the behavior of the right side of the nonlinear system of ODEs
and its derivatives. A software and numerical experiment is presented to analyze the stability of systems
of nonlinear ODEs based on the obtained criteria. The experiment is reduced to estimating the
value from the left side of the criteria. Its limited change corresponds to stability, the monotonous
tendency to zero characterizes asymptotic stability, and unlimited growth is a sign of instability. According
to the results of the experiment, the nature of the stability of the systems under study was
unambiguously established. The proposed approach makes it possible in practice to perform a
Lyapunov stability analysis of a nonlinear system of ordinary differential equations in real time.

The applied programs and cad for cutting various materials are effective in conditions of
single and multi-item small-scale production using the group method of cutting into blanks of arbitrary
geometric shape. When cutting sheet and rolled metal products in large-scale and mass production,
characterized by individual cutting into blanks of the same name, the created programs
have limited use. For automated cutting in such production conditions, it is necessary to adapt
existing systems and programs or create new ones using modern approaches and a new cutting
design scheme based on the use of a new cutting efficiency indicator with minimizing the cost of
manufactured products, conducting calculations for parts of the same group (by brand and thickness),
which will allow rational selection of waste for other parts of this group. To solve the problem,
a new model for optimizing guillotine cutting with minimizing metal costs and reducing the
cost of cutting products is proposed and discussed in the article. To implement automated cutting
design depending on the new resource-saving coefficient (RSC) and manage information about
detailed cutting of metal in the course of the research conducted by the authors, the database
«Cluster of parts «PROM-2013»» and the program «PROM-2013» were developed, allowing
assessing the efficiency of cutting according to RSC and choosing the best option. Using the example
of the «side panel» part, the effectiveness of the developed algorithm and the stages of automated
design of optimal cutting based on the RSC indicator with the formation of output documents
«material cutting cards» are shown

The reason for most of the information leaks is the compromise of account data. In this regard,
the introduction of additional means of identification and authentication is relevant. To increase
efficiency, these systems are developed using machine learning. The use of neural networks
is currently the most promising approach to improving the security of systems due to their speed
and accuracy. This paper discusses the use of keystroke dynamics to identify authorized users.
Artificial neural networks are used to analyze the dynamics of pressing. In this paper, such characteristics
as the time of pressing a key, the time between keystrokes, the time between releasing
the first key and pressing the second were analyzed. Both convolutional and recurrent neural networks
were used. The primary processing of input data was carried out by a sliding window that
formed data blocks of a certain size. For further processing of already structured data, a onedimensional
convolutional neural network was chosen, since it is well suited for processing data
presented in the form of a sequence. A recurrent neural network, namely the LSTM architecture,
was used to process time dependencies, since it processes variable-length sequences best and is
less susceptible to gradient decay and explosion than others. For experimental verification of the
effectiveness of this technique, the following architectures were implemented: 2xLSTM, 1D SNC +
LSTM, 1D SNC + 2xLSTM. Based on the results of model training, it was revealed that the system
based on the 1D SNC + 2xLSTM architecture with a sliding window size of 50 has the highest
accuracy. The validation accuracy of this architecture was 98.29%. ROC curves were constructed,
which confirmed the effectiveness of this architecture. The F-measure was calculated, which
showed that the highest performance of binary classification is achieved when using the 1D SNC
+ 2xLSTM architecture with a sliding window size of 50 and equal to 99.39%.

In recent years, quantum information systems have attracted increasing attention of researchers
in the field of computer science and physics. However, the introduction and practical
application of quantum computing is limited by the influence of noise and errors that occur in
quantum systems. To implement effective control and improve the reliability of quantum information
systems, it is necessary to develop methods that can suppress and correct errors in the
process of quantum computing. The purpose of this work is to develop and study a control model
based on noise-immune quantum computing, as well as methods for suppressing and correcting
errors in quantum computing. The paper proposes a combination of different approaches, including
the use of error correction codes, noise suppression algorithms, and methods for optimal control
of quantum information systems. In the course of the study, a control model was developed
that allows efficient processing of information in quantum systems, taking into account the presence
of noise and errors. Experiments were carried out using real quantum devices to evaluate the
effectiveness of the proposed model. The experimental results show that the developed method can
significantly improve the reliability and accuracy of quantum computing. The proposed control
model based on noise-immune quantum computing and methods for suppressing and correcting
errors represent a significant contribution to the development of quantum information systems.
Further development and optimization of the proposed approach can lead to the creation of more
reliable and efficient quantum systems capable of solving complex computational problems.

Compared to traditional satellite radio communication, laser communication techniques
demonstrate greater performance in terms of available data rates, and also guarantee a reduction
in size, weight and power of the communication subsystem. In a satellite laser communication
system, a laser source generates a narrow beam of radiation at the transmitter. A laser beam
propagating through the atmosphere towards an optical receiver can experience large random
fluctuations in optical intensity due to turbulence, which can lead to loss of power in the receiver
and degrade system performance. In a subcarrier multiplexing (SCM) system, multiple information
is electrically modulated at different radio carrier frequencies. Analog or digital signals carrying
information may have different modulation formats. Optical single sideband radiation (OSSB) is
typically generated using a dual drive Mach–Zehnder modulator (MZM). In the article, the analysis
channel for optical single-sideband quadrature phase-shift keying transmitted signal was proposed
for different distances under atmospheric turbulence conditions. The numerical results of
laser satellite communications are based on an atmospheric altitude model of the structural characteristic
of Hufnagel-Valley (H-V) refractive index fluctuations. The performance analysis makes
it possible to estimate the effect of atmospheric turbulence, pointing error, and the diameter of the
received aperture on the received power during transmission of a laser signal between a ground
station and a satellite for a laser communication system, where the optical wave is a collimated
beam with a wavelength of 1550 nm.

This paper examines the 3D design of lithium-ion batteries for various energy storage systems,
in particular for personal mobility devices. The relevance of the development is justified by
the rapidly growing market for lithium-based energy storage devices. The goal of the work is to
reduce the design time of a custom lithium battery. The task is to create an information system
with automated battery design based on specified restrictions. A review of software solutions for
creating 3D models was conducted. The following software technologies were used: software for
creating three-dimensional computer graphics Blender, software library for creating and using 3D
models ThreeJS. A software package has been developed for designing lithium batteries in 3D
based on client-server architecture. The developed solution allows you to form the case and holder
automatically with the ability to upload files and print on a 3D printer, and also allows you to
shorten the battery assembly process thanks to automated design and modeling of a lithium battery. This design system is capable of finding solutions based on fuzzy rules, allowing the operator
to choose from a variety of solutions that satisfy given constraints. The developed solution made it
possible to reduce the battery assembly time by an average of 40–50%, and the design time to 1
second. This made it possible to reduce the cost of battery manufacturing by 5–20%.

Liquid inclusions migrate in solids in the direction of the temperature gradient. This gives a
unique opportunity to form crystal perfect structures in silicon wafers with through-doped epitaxial
channels or closed cells, which are of interest in the design of power semiconductor devices and
photovoltaic converters. Moreover, there are no competitive methods of manufacturing such structures,
since the rate of thermal migration is four orders of magnitude higher than the rate of solidstate
diffusion. However the practical application of the thermomigration (TM) method in semiconductor
electronics is hindered by the unsolved problem of creating the necessary homogeneous
temperature gradient field in a silicon wafer. Violation of the uniformity of the temperature gradient
leads to a deviation of the trajectories of discrete liquid inclusions from the normal and distorts
the specified topology of inclusions on the starting surface of the plate and makes it impossible
to use group technology to obtain subsequent manufacturing operations of semiconductor
devices. In this paper, a computer simulation of heat transfer processes in a heating device is performed
in order to achieve a homogeneous temperature gradient field in a silicon wafer created by
a flat resistive heating element in the form of a spiral. The causes of periodic and monotonous
radial inhomogeneities of the temperature gradient field that distort the trajectories of liquid inclusions
and the shape of the resulting channels are revealed. Ways to reduce and eliminate these
distortions are proposed. The main controls for the configuration of the temperature gradient field
in the silicon wafer turned out to be a cassette holding the wafer at a certain distance from the
heating element and front screens with holes coaxial to the silicon wafer. The dimensions and
mutual arrangement of the elements of a heating device providing the required uniformity of the
temperature gradient field for industrial applications of thermal migration of a system of linear
inclusions of zones on silicon wafers with a diameter of 100 mm have been determined and experimentally
confirmed.

Hippotherapy is a unique method for restoration and active psychophysical and psychomotor
development. However, the effectiveness of hippotherapy has not been scientifically proven.
Due to the lack of objective evidence of the effectiveness of hippotherapy, this method raises
doubts among doctors and parents of children with disabilities due to the risk of the negative impact
of this method on the human body, associated with possible physical and psychological trauma.
Therefore, during hippotherapy, it is important to continuously assess the functional readiness
of the rider and horse to participate in hippotherapy, recording hidden psychophysiological (PF)
reactions. In order for a hippotherapy session to have a therapeutic effect from a biomechanical
point of view, it is important that the rider and horse move synchronously. As a tool for objective
assessment of the functional state of the rider and horse, and for assessing the mutual influence of
the horse rider’s locomotion during hippotherapy, it was decided to develop a hardware-software
complex (HPC). This device will allow hippotherapy specialists to assess the individual characteristics
of the rider and select the optimal load level in accordance with the psychophysiological
state. Using the hardware and software complex, the hippotherapy trainer will be able to monitor
the maintenance of the correct position of the rider throughout the entire lesson, assess the synchronicity
of changes in the kinetic parameters of the horse and rider during movement.
The hardware and software complex will allow us to conduct a number of studies aimed at assessing
the effectiveness of the hippotherapy method for people with disabilities and collect a scientific
evidence base to confirm the effectiveness of the hippotherapy method.

Concerning automation technologies development and their deployment to logistics, commerce,
industry, constructional engineering and other economy sectors, wireless systems get more
widespread due to their convenience and availability. Most of the time miniature devices able to
perform operations of identification, ambient parameters measure, receive and transmit of signals
are used in such systems. In return, there are number of areas, in which battery devices using is
limited since a change of a low battery is not always feasible and viable. The passive devices gathering
energy for operation through radiofrequency radiation receiving by antenna from the environment
could be utilized in such applications. The integrated implementation of microcircuit is
required for mass production of suchlike inexpensive devices. The voltage rectifier with multiplication
function is the key module of these microcircuits supply unit. Results of the voltage rectifiersmultipliers
design using typical CMOS processes CM018G 180 nm and HCMOS8D 180 nm and
Cadence IC CAD are presented in the work. Degree of threshold voltage and number of stages
influence on the multipliers output characteristics is considered. It is shown, that in eight-stages
multiplier constructed with HCMOS8D process, output voltage needed for supply of wireless device
microcircuit is reached at input voltage amplitude of 375 mV, and in sixteen-stages multiplier
- at 300 mV amplitude. The proposed rectifier-multipliers could be used at power supplies design
of the wireless passive devices.

Operational amplifiers with different number of amplifying stages realized on complementary
bipolar transistors and input field-effect transistors, with control p-n junction are considered.
For the elements of the master slice array MH2XA031 the original electrical schematics of three
amplifier variants (OAmp11.3, OAmp12, OAmp14) containing the same static mode bias block
and output stage are given. The OApm11.3 circuit contains an input differential stage in the form
of a " folded" cascode on p-JFETs and an intermediate amplifier stage on bipolar transistors. The
operational amplifier OAmp12 includes an input dual source-repeater on p-JFETs and an " folded"
cascode on complementary bipolar transistors. The OAmp14 circuit is realized on the basis of
dual source repeaters on p-JFETs and a high-precision voltage-to-current converter on complementary
bipolar transistors in the intermediate stages. The presented electrical circuits are characterized
by low zero offset voltage, relatively high voltage gain and can be used for application in special and dual-purpose equipment. When designing the Op-Amp circuits on the master slice array
MH2XA031 the search for a compromise combination of input current, noise level and voltage gain
was carried out, and special attention was paid to the choice of the operating mode of the input
JFETs. Single amplifier stage circuits, which typically provide lower noise, simple frequency correction,
and larger bandwidth, were investigated. For an adequate comparison of the developed amplifiers
the modeling of their static and dynamic parameters at the same operating mode of identical
circuit elements has been performed, which allowed to formulate recommendations on circuit synthesis
of operational amplifiers depending on the required combination of parameters. When optimizing
the operating mode of the transistors of the " folded" cascode with input JFETs, the recommendations
consisting in the necessity to increase the steepness of the input JFET transistors and the voltage
drop across the emitter resistors of the reference current sources were used.

An analytical review of promising technological processes for high-temperature analog microcircuits,
which are in demand in space, aviation and automotive instrumentation, petrochemical
industry, electric power industry, military electronics, medicine, etc., is presented. The problems
of designing microcircuits of this class based on wide-gap semiconductors (silicon carbide
(SiC), gallium nitride (GaN), gallium arsenide (GaAs)) that provide a wide range of operating
temperatures (-200°С…+500°С). Currently, "low-current" circuitry based on SiC, GaN, GaAs
wide-gap semiconductors for operation at high temperatures is extremely undeveloped, which
does not allow designing new-generation analog products in the interests of Russian enterprises.
Today, many topical issues of SiC, GaN, GaAs high-temperature circuitry and dynamics have not
been resolved. Therefore, it is necessary to study structural and technological solutions, as well as
heat removal. In this regard, the article analyzes the problems of designing microcircuits of these
classes. At the same time, one should take into account the limitations of technological processes, which, in many cases, allow creating only the same type of active elements, which makes it difficult
to build microcircuits. The relevance of the above studies is related to the problems of import substitution
under the conditions of sanctions, when the purchase of an electronic component base for
responsible use from foreign firms becomes unavailable. Russian recommendations are needed on
the development of rules for designing analog interface microcircuits (operational and differential
difference amplifiers, transimpedance and charge-sensitive amplifiers, compensation voltage stabilizers
and buffer amplifiers, current conveyors, etc.) for the tasks of processing signals from
sensors of physical quantities in the high temperature range (+150 °С ... +500°С).

Non-invasive monitoring is a promising direction in medicine for determining biometric indicators.
The purpose of the study is to review modern non-invasive methods for determining such
biometric indicators as heart rate. The problems of existing solutions related to calculation formulas,
as well as those related to testing are shown. Nowadays, a smartphone is an integral part of
any person's life. With the help of these devices, users can perform almost any activity from the
comfort of their homes, such as shopping, watching movies and entertainment, making their lives
much easier, more convenient and efficient. In addition, today's smartphones have extensive telecommunication
capabilities, allowing groups of people to communicate frequently in real time.
With the COVID-19 pandemic, the need for health monitoring has become relevant, as well as the
need to constantly monitor the biomedical indicators of employees who are on the job. One of the
most important indicators is the heart rate, the analysis of this indicator allows to characterize the
performance of the most important cardiovascular system. This review discusses techniques for
monitoring heart rate based on methods that can be utilized on smartphones, using sensors that all
modern smartphones are equipped with. The basic approach that can be applied in smartphones to
detect heart rate is to use a light source and a light-sensitive device that receives light passing
through capillaries, most commonly the finger of the person whose heart rate is being measured.
The difference between the approaches lies in the hardware - what light source is used and what is
used as a receiver of reflected light. As a light source can be used LED, in smartphones it is powerful
LEDs, which are used in the photoflash, as a receiver or photodiode or video camera. In
terms of processing the received signal there are several approaches in this review they are considered.