No. 5 (2022)

The problem of elements placement in digital computing equipment are consider in the article.
The analysis of the current state of research on this topic is carried out, the relevance of the
problem under consideration is noted. The importance of developing new effective methods for
solving engineering design problems is emphasized. The prospects of developing and using hybridapproaches and models for solving complex semi-formalized design and optimization problems are
noted. The statement of the problem of placement of circuit elements of digital computing equipment
is given. The importance of a qualitative solution of the placement problem from the point of view of
the successful implementation of the subsequent stages of design is noted. The analysis of various
approaches and algorithms for solving the placement problem is carried out. Options for choosing
various criteria for assessing the quality of placement are given. A complex additive criterion for
assessing the quality of placement is proposed. The objective function and limitations of the considered
placement problem as an optimization problem are given. A hybrid approach to solving the
placement problem is proposed. To increase the efficiency and reduce the running time of the algorithm,
a model of a parallel multipopulation genetic algorithm is proposed. To synchronize evolutionary
processes in a multipopulation genetic algorithm, a modified migration operator has been
developed. An analysis of the efficiency of the proposed migration operator has been carried out and
recommendations for its use have been formulated. In order to increase the speed of the algorithm for
solving the placement problem, a model for organizing parallel evolutionary computations through
the use of multithreading at the local level is proposed. The principles of operation of the fuzzy control
module are described. The procedure of logical inference using the rule base is described.
The structure of a multilayer neural network that implements the Gaussian function is proposed.
A model of a fuzzy logic controller for dynamically changing the values of control parameters of a
genetic algorithm is proposed. The control parameters of the fuzzy logic controller are determined.
The proposed hybrid algorithm is implemented as an application program. A series of computational
experiments were carried out to determine the efficiency of the developed algorithm and to select the
optimal values of the control parameters.

The purpose of the study is to develop a method for encoding of transmitted ADS-B messages
between aircraft. The open format 1090ES of transmitted data is critical in terms of carrying
out various types of attacks that can lead to a violation of the safety of aircraft operations.
The work is aimed at using means of encoding and decoding messages with a private key. Research
methods are based on the application and development of streaming data encryption using
one-dimensional cellular automata. They operate as a generator of pseudo-random sequences that
transform the elementary states of a cell of a one-dimensional cellular automaton based on typical
hardware-oriented operations. The processes of encoding and decoding data fields are based on
an analytical expression using typical logical operations (or, xor). This property allows parallel
processing of message data fields. The result is the created method for ensuring the protection of
transmitted data, additionally encoding on transmission and decoding on message reception.
A distinctive feature of the method is the preservation of the protocol forma. The method uses a
one-dimensional cellular automaton that encodes and decodes the target fields (coordinates, heading,
etc.) using a pseudo-random number generator. The developed method belongs to the class of
hardware-oriented methods. Critical for encoding and decoding properties of periodicity of data
fields and key length are eliminated by choosing an initial irrational value and organizing the
“streaming” work of the encoder. If the encoding automaton is running in streaming mode, the
current value depends on the history of some depth, determining the length of the "automatic key"
from the ADS-B message will be algorithmically impossible due to data loss. The linear complexity
of the method allows you to perform transformations at the data rate. Conclusion: the development
of hardware-oriented methods of data encoding makes it possible to increase the efficiency of
using the ADS-B system by counteracting various types of destructive actions.

The article presents an algorithm where continued fractions are used to find the zeros of nth
degree polynomial. Our day there is a wide variety of methods and algorithms for solving such
type problems. The proposed algorithm feature is its effective possibility using for large values of
n. Besides this algorithm can be applied for complex roots. Any real number can be represented as
a continued fraction: finite or infinite. The main purpose of continuous fractions is that they allow
us to find good approximations of real numbers in the ordinary fractions form in algebraic equations
and systems solution. The purpose of this work is algorithm with continued fractions for solving
reduced polynomial equation that contains both real and complex roots, estimation of the
number of arithmetic steps in its numerical solution. The analytical expressions for polynomial
equation solutions are given in this paper. The obtained analytical expressions represent the ratio
of the Toeplitz determinants. A distinctive feature of these determinants is the presence of coefficients
of the solved algebraic equation as diagonal elements. A modified Rutishauser algorithm
was used to obtain a numerical solution. Complex roots can be found using the summation algorithm
of divergent continued fractions. As an illustration of the proposed algorithm the results of
the numerical solution for fifth degree polynomial equation are given. The advantage of the algorithm
is the small number of arithmetic operations required, the possibility of considering highdegree
polynomials, and the small error of calculations.

The article analyzes the structure, principles and technologies used in the creation of semantic
networks, the methodology for representing knowledge in a semantic network. Special
attention is paid to the analysis of the structure of queries to data stored in the semantic network.
The purpose of the analysis is to determine the structural elements that carry confidential or other
important information for the further formation of a methodology for its protection, considering
the specifics of the semantic network. As a result of the analysis of typical structures of semantic
networks, the fundamental structural elements and concepts that make up the structure of the analyzed
method of knowledge representation are considered. The specialized languages used for its
construction and the structure of the information request to the knowledge base are determined, in
which elements carrying confidential information and potentially vulnerable to attacks by intruders
were identified. Problems in the information security of semantic networks have been identified,
such as: exposure to malicious SPARQL queries, which can be used to obtain information
from the semantic network without appropriate privileges and accesses; data vulnerability in the
transmitted information request, characterized by a weak focus of existing protection methods on
the specifics of semantic networks; the problem of assessing the level of confidence in the received
data of the semantic network. One of the approaches to solve these problems can be the creation
of a distributed system for evaluating the trust in nodes and data in the semantic network, as well
as the implementation of mechanisms for protecting information and information requests.
The results obtained as a result of the analysis on the structure of the transmitted data are an integral
part of the process of developing information security tools in semantic networks.

A new methodology and method for placing VLSI elements has been developed, which differ
in that the solution of the placement problem is based on the use of a fixed order of position selection,
focused on the effective solution of the placement problem, and a heuristic procedure for
distributing elements by positions, which reduces the overall complexity and improves the quality
of the solution. The process of forming a list of positions on the switching field is carried out using
the mechanisms of the wave algorithm. The choice of the final list is based on the principle of constructing
a route with a minimum estimate of the total linear length of distances between route
positions. To solve the placement problem, a search algorithm based on the modified ant colony
method has been developed. To exclude premature convergence and localization of the global
extremum of the problem, the development of the algorithm was carried out on the basis of the coevolutionary
approach. The architecture of the co-evolutionary placement algorithm is developed
on the basis of the ant colony algorithm paradigm. In the search space, sub-populations implement
four optimization strategies in parallel. In the work, the coevolution process is implemented on the
basis of the interaction of subpopulations that differ in search strategies. A distinctive feature of
the co-evolutionary approach used is that subpopulations of solutions are actually virtual. The
process of co-evolution is implemented by one population of agents Z by sequential formation and
merging of virtual subpopulations of solutions into one population. In this paper, the solution of
the placement problem is aimed at improving traceability by minimizing the resources required to
implement connections. A significant contribution to minimizing the spatial and temporal complexity
of the search procedure was made by: the use by virtual sub-populations of a common evolutionary
memory, a common solution search graph, the formation of a single interpretation of the
solution in the form of a route on a complete directed graph with binary directed edges. Testing
was carried out on benchmarks 19s, PrimGA1, PrimGA2. The results compared to existing algorithms
are improved by 7-8%. The probability of obtaining a global optimum was 0.96. On average,
solutions differ from the optimal by less than 1.5%. The time complexity of the algorithm for
fixed values of the population size and the number of generations is O(n). The total time complexity
of the hybrid algorithm is O(n2)−O(n3).

The article discusses the possibilities of using effective methods of technical analysis to determine
the trend direction of financial assets on the multi-market platform MetaTrader 5.
The advantages and expediency of using technical analysis methods in various areas of financial
markets are shown by examples of works by Russian and foreign authors. In order to determine
the direction and strength of the trend, the insufficiency of the use of such technical indicators as
Bollinger bands (BB), MACD, MA, EMA, constructed according to various laws of the distribution
of prices of financial assets, is justified. Graphical analysis tools are considered as a special case
of technical analysis, characterized by special visibility and visualization of the process under
study. The article provides examples of technical analysis figures, shows them to belong to the
basic types of graphical analysis. The concept of a modern trading strategy – innovative trading is
considered, a comparative analysis of the trading strategy, its opportunities and risks is carried out. The paper describes the developed software module in the form of a trading indicator on the
MetaTrader 5 platform in Meta Quotes Language 5 (MQL5) in combination with a script in the
high-level Python language for algotrading using technical analysis methods. The indicator is
based on the construction of support and resistance lines to determine the direction and strength
of the trend. An algorithm for determining the direction and strength of the trend with technical
analysis tools has been developed, which as a result will improve the accuracy of the trend direction
forecast by integrating a technical indicator into the system. For the experimental part of the
process, a financial instrument was used – the EUR/USD currency pair, the total study period was
six months. As a result, the algorithm worked correctly in real time without human intervention for
twenty-four weeks. Based on the test results, it is possible to judge the prospects of research in this
area for solving a large range of applied problems of financial mathematics and analytics.
The application of the created indicator can be extended to any trading operations on various
financial instruments and their combinations.

Detection of dangerous gases and vapors is relevant both at work and in everyday life. Sensor
elements based on semiconductor structures are highly sensitive to gases of a very different
nature. To increase the accuracy of measurements, calibration and the speed of concentration
determination, special methods are required, such as signal processing in various ways. The study
uses gas sensors based on silicon–carbon films that are sensitive to a whole set of gases. In the
first part of the article, general problems and a method for solving them are considered, which
makes it possible to increase the selectivity of semiconductor gas sensors. The analysis of dynamic
parameters, such as the first and second derivatives of the response curves, as well as the analysis
of the Elovich equation is carried out. Such calibration dependences, constructed from the extremes
of the derivatives and the slope coefficients of the Elovich equation, show high linearity.
As a promising solution, it is proposed to use a set of calibration lines to determine the concentration
of the target gas. The developed method allows, using dynamic response parameters, to determine
the gas type and its concentration using a single sensor, also to increase the accuracy of
measurements, along with a reduction in detection time. The experimental results of data processing
with the determination of the gas type and its concentration using the described method
are presented. For a sensor based on silicon-carbon materials, the developed method and algorithms
made it possible to carry out measurements using a single sensor element for a set of gases
(NO2, CO, SO2) with different concentrations. At the same time, the smallest relative error did not
exceed 3.6% for SO2, 2.7% for NO2, 2% for CO. The distinctive features of the developed method
are the use of several calibration lines in a multidimensional space, rather than one, as well as an
original algorithmic signal processing methods.

Currently, the development of various process automation systems is becoming more widely
used every day in various fields and industries, the task of developing software methods for the
corresponding automated systems remains urgent. One of the industries where the use and application
of process automation systems is in demand is the field of non-contact measurement of objects
and their parameters. As an example, the task of determining the geometric parameters of
round timber stacked was chosen. In this regard, in this paper, methods were proposed for determining
the geometric parameters of objects based on mathematical morphology operations, organized
using the Canny detector and the Hough algorithm, and a method using a neural network
approach based on the architecture of the YOLOv5 convolutional neural network. As a result of
the conducted experimental studies, for the organization of which specially 3d-printed models of
logs were used, it was found that the method based on the use of neural networks is more accurate
than the method based on mathematical morphology. When solving the problem of counting the
number of objects in the image, using the method based on the neural network approach, all objects
located in the image were determined, whereas the method using mathematical morphology operations was able to determine only 13 of the 16 logs located, and I identified one false object,
as a result of which the result error was about 19% for an image obtained from the Internet. When
conducting an experiment on manufactured cylinder models, the method based on mathematical
morphology operations showed unsatisfactory results. Another advantage of the method based on
the neural network approach is the possibility of calculating the area of the ends of logs in the
image and determining the volume of each of the logs located in the stack, as well as the total total
volume of the entire pack of measured round timber.

The use of random number generators is widespread. Software generators usually produce
pseudo-random numbers. To improve characteristics, it needs a source of "chaos". This article
discusses the implementation of a random number generator that uses the idea of mixing a complete
set of numbers in a parallel thread. The operation of the processor in this mode is influenced by many random factors, which allows issuing random numbers. For the proposed generator, each
subsequent number does not depend on the previous one. The generator can give out any number
of the given range, regardless of how many and what numbers fell out earlier. Including the same
number can fall out with a low probability several times in a row. There is no predetermined sequence
of issuing random numbers. The period inherent in software pseudo-random number generators
is also missing. However, at the same time, the speed of issuing random numbers decreases,
in comparison with software pseudo-random number generators. The purpose of research was
to evaluate the properties of the proposed generator, primarily the statistical characteristics of the
generated numbers. The article deals with the idea of parallel mixing. Implementation issues in a
programming language. The programming interface of the MixRandomBase class and implementation
features of the MixRandomByte class, which uses a working array of bytes, are presented.
Various tests are used to check the quality of the work of random and pseudo-random number
generators. The results of checking the operation of the generator by such tests as the distribution
on the plane, the uniformity test, the “stack of books” test are given. The test results make it possible
to judge the good statistical characteristics of the developed generator. The speed of the generator
is estimated. In comparison with linear congruent pseudo-random number generators, the
time for issuing a sequence of numbers is hundreds of times longer.

The paper considers the problem of scheduling. The paradigm of organization of distributed
computing based on Grid-computing is considered. The classification of task scheduling systems is
given. Various approaches to solving the scheduling problem are described. A model of the task of
servicing applications based on the principles of the theory of queuing systems is presented. The
task statement is formulated on the basis of Grid-scheduling. The concept of a resource rectangle
is proposed. The environment for scheduling resource rectangles is defined. A model is proposed
that allows formalizing the user's request for service by the concept of a resource (non-Euclidean)
rectangle. Instead of the principle of optimization based on the machine search for the best distribution
of the array of resource rectangles, a heuristic principle was proposed, which made it possible
to reduce the amount of necessary calculations. The proposed heuristic scheduling algorithm
makes it possible to take into account the properties of the array and evaluate the quality of solutions.
Models of the demand environment in the form of single cubic faces are constructed.
The model of cubic faces is generalized to the experiment of cubic layers. The description of the
demand model used is given. A model of the resource supply environment in the form of a canonical
pyramid is constructed and the concept of a canonical demand-supply experiment for model
homogeneous resource elements is introduced. A truncation of the supply-demand experiment has
been introduced. A hybrid model based on a combination of evolutionary search principles and
fuzzy control methods is proposed. To solve scheduling problems, it is proposed to use evolutionary
algorithms. A modified solution coding technique and new modifications of genetic operators
for solving scheduling problems have been developed. A block diagram of the algorithm for solving
the problem under consideration is presented, taking into account the use of a fuzzy logic controller.
Computer simulation has been performed and the results of computational experiments
have been presented. The features of the proposed method are revealed, its advantages and disadvantages
are formulated.

Sentiment or opinion analysis aims to determine the polarity of people's opinions in relation
to any product, service, event or any person. One of the most common methods used in sentiment
analysis of text content is natural language processing. Sentiment analysis of natural language
text can be assessed using numerous methodologies such as machine learning algorithms and
statistical tools, while the application of fuzzy logic is not common. The use of fuzzy logic was
chosen for the following reasons. First, fuzzy logic handles linguistic uncertainty well. This way of
defining the problem leads to a reduction in bias, both positively and negatively. Secondly, learn ing approaches based on fuzzy rules are fundamentally different from those learning approaches
that are widely used in sentiment classification, such as support vector machines, naive Bayes,
etc., as they relate to generative learning, i.e. i.e. the goal of learning is to assess the degree to
which an instance belongs to each individual class. The proposed model for sentiment analysis of
text reviews is based on the use of tone lexicons using fuzzy logic and consists of four main stages.
The steps include tokenization, word bag model formulation, sentiment fuzzy score formulation,
and polarity assignment. In the proposed model, the power of the fuzzy set is used as a measure of
the evaluation of the indicators of the polarity of words. Word polarity values are obtained by
applying two sentiment lexicons: SentiWordNet and AFINN. Two versions of the model were created
depending on the type of vocabulary used: based on SentiWordNet and AFINN. Comparison
of the presented approach based on fuzzy logic with other dictionary-based methods demonstrates
the superiority of the developed models based on the application of fuzzy logic.

The article analyzes the existing communication models and their applicability to the tasks
of organizing effective communication in the process of developing information systems. The use
of communication models in combination with various, most commonly used models of the life
cycle of information systems – waterfall, spiral, SCRUM - is considered. The advantages and disadvantages
of such combinations and their causes are analyzed on the example of T. Newcomb's
model. The main element of communication is to ensure understanding between the two participants
regarding the object that arises in the project at the next step of its implementation.
The systematization of knowledge and information is presented, taking into account the subjects
and forms of its presentation. The analysis shows that the models, realizing the ideas embedded in
them, correspond to different life cycle models to varying degrees, but none of the communication
models fully solves communication problems in the development of information systems. The performed
studies show that none of the combinations of models allows to effectively organize communication
between participants in the development process. It is necessary to radically revise
models and mechanisms in such a way that subjects can communicate at the stage of preparing
actions to create software development artifacts, and not based on the results of their implementation.
Approaches involving the development and use of communication tools – LOW/No code platforms,
or other CASE-tools that allow the user and the developer to communicate while preserving
the context of the transmitted knowledge are focused on eliminating such problems. The study of
the features and structure of such tools will be the subject of further research.

The quantum core method is one of the most important methods in quantum machine learning.
However, the number of features used for quantum nuclei is limited to a few dozen features.
The block product state structure is used as a quantum feature map and the implementation of
programmable gate matrices is demonstrated. The relevance of these studies lies in the mathematical
and software modeling and implementation of a quantum computing system as part of the
development of the implementation of a quantum core on FPGA for solving classes of problems of
a classical nature. The scientific novelty of this research area is the development of a hybrid simulator
of the quantum cores of a central processing unit (CPU) and a programmable logic integrated
circuit (FPGA) several orders of magnitude faster than a conventional quantum computing
simulator. This joint development of the implemented quantum core and its efficient FPGA implementation allowed numerical simulation of the quantum core based on gates in terms of input
features, up to 780-dimensional features using 4000 samples. We applied the quantum kernel to
image classification problems using the Fashion-MNIST dataset and showed that the quantum
kernel is comparable to Gaussian kernels with optimized throughput. The analysis of the work in
this field has shown that a new qualitative level has now been reached, opening up promising opportunities
for the implementation of multi-qubit quantum computing. The prospects for implementation
and development are connected not only with technological capabilities, but also with solving
the issues of building effective quantum systems for solving actual mathematical problems,
cryptography problems and control (optimization) problems.

The paper considers a method for increasing the stability of a linear regression equation, the coefficients
of which are the solution of a system of normal equations. The instability of the equation is
determined by the presence of a linear relationship between the experimental data; the quantitative
characteristics of the dependence are determined from the correlation matrix, which can also serve as a
matrix of the system of equations. To reduce the correlation coefficients, Ridge (ridge) regression is
traditionally used, which involves an increase in the diagonal members of the matrix by the same positive
number. As a result, the matrix condition number decreases and the regression equation becomes
more stable: a small change in the input results in a small change in the solution. The number by which
the diagonal terms of the matrix increase is called the penalty imposed in ridge regression on all regression
coefficients. In the proposed method, penalties, and different ones, are imposed only on those coefficients
that correspond to data with high correlation. This leads to an increase in the stability of the
equation due to a decrease in the values of the coefficients corresponding to correlated data. The choice
of elements to be increased is based on the analysis of the correlation matrix of the original data set by
decomposing it into diagonal matrices using the square root method. In addition to increasing the stability
using the proposed method, a reduction in the dimension of the regression model can be achieved -
a decrease in the number of terms of the corresponding equation, for which the LASSO and LARS algorithms
are usually used. The effectiveness of the method is tested on a known data set, and a comparison
is made not only with Ridge regression, but also with the results of known dimensionality reduction
algorithms.

The article is devoted to solving the problem of controlling the Be-200 amphibious aircraft when
taking water in the gliding mode. The specified mode of flight of an amphibious aircraft (AA) is one of
the most intense for piloting. Controlling an aircraft in gliding mode requires the highest concentration
from the pilot, since the hydrodynamic characteristics decrease, but the aerodynamic ones increase,
which causes situations in which the SA becomes uncontrollable. To ensure the safe operation of the AA
during water intake, as well as to ensure a steady takeoff, the pilot is forced to constantly maintain a
certain value of speed, trim angle, and engine thrust by moving the engine control stick (ECS). In this
regard, it seems very appropriate to use the technical means of the autopilot, which provides control of
the speed, engine thrust and trim angle to ensure the stability of the movement of the SA during the intake
of water. The article deals with the problem of synthesizing an autopilot to control the movement of
an amphibian aircraft during water intake, and at the same time the following tasks are solved: the
synthesis of an autopilot to control the longitudinal movement of an amphibian aircraft, as well as control
landing on water, followed by water intake and takeoff from the water. The substantiation of the
choice of a mathematical model of the movement of an aircraft on water is given. A procedure for the
synergistic synthesis of the autopilot controller of an amphibious aircraft in the water intake mode presented.
The novelty of the ongoing research lies not only in considering the stable movement of an amphibious
aircraft during its operation on the water surface, but also in modeling the process of waterintake in planning mode, which is a more complex task from the point of view of synthesis. As a result,
the control laws for the autopilot obtained, which ensure the stable movement of the amphibious aircraft
when descending along the glide path, landing on water, taking in water and subsequent takeoff with
damping of longitudinal oscillations along the trim angle throughout the entire water intake cycle.

The article examines the problem of interpretation of atmospheric-electrical observations
conducted regularly on a network of ground stations that are an integral part of the general monitoring
of the state of the atmosphere. To solve the general task of monitoring - obtaining regime
data on the electric field of the atmosphere and identifying trends in its changes, a comparative
analysis of measurement data at various observation points is required. The electric field strength
(potential gradient) is usually measured at a certain height from the earth's surface using various
methods (geometry) of installing sensors near the earth's surface. The resulting values of the electric
field may differ greatly from the reference values, which are understood as measurements on a
flat surface in plain conditions. The structure of the atmospheric electric field near a flat electrode
with spherical inhomogeneity investigates in the paper. For the joint analysis of data from various
observation points, their unification is usually carried out by introducing a reduction coefficient:
the ratio of the values of the electric field strength in geometrically distorted conditions to its reference
value on the plain. It is shown that the values of the reduction coefficient strongly depend
not only on the geometry of the sensor installation, but also on the values of the measured electric
field. To correctly calculate the reduction coefficient of the electric field, it is proposed to use simultaneously
the geometric distortion coefficient of the electric field and the coefficient taking into
account the influence of the electrode effect near the earth's surface. Calculations of the values of
the reduction coefficient in the vicinity of the spherical inhomogeneity of the electrode surface for
the cases of classical and turbulent electrode effect in the surface layer are performed. The influence
of meteorological factors and the measured electric field on the values and spatial distribution
of the reduction coefficient has been established. For the correct interpretation of the results
of ground-based atmospheric-electrical observations, taking into account the reduction coefficient,
it is necessary to take into account not only the geometry of the sensor installation, but also the
effect of the electrode effect on the obtained values of the electric field.

One of the main areas of parallel computing application is solving of computational aerodynamics
problems. The paper considers parallel modeling of gas dynamics with quasi-onedimensional
system of equations. The system describes the gas flow through a channel with variable
cross section using implicit and explicit difference schemes. The purpose of this work is to
study the methods efficiency for organizing parallel computations with implicit and explicit difference
schemes for solving internal aerodynamics problems. The article presents a comparative
analysis of the proposed parallel models for quasi-one-dimensional equations system of gas dynamics.
The system describes flows in a channel of variable cross section. Various parallel algorithms
are used to solve systems of such type numerically. The method of splitting by physical processes
is used for an implicit difference scheme. To suppress the solution oscillations a smoothing
operator at the correction stage is introduced in calculations according to the scheme of the predictor-
corrector type. In scheme fractional steps the parallel scalar sweep algorithm is used to
solve tridiagonal systems with the parametric unknown choice. Besides to compare scheme mentioned
above a parallel algorithm is constructed for McCormack's explicit scheme. Such algorithm
is widely used in computational aerodynamics. Parallel computations are held by computing
structures with distributed memory and by another one – with linear switching dependence between
computing devices of the working field. The paper presents time estimations for each computing
stage (both by implicit and explicit difference schemes). It helped to calculate the developed
parallel algorithms efficiency. It is concluded that the acceleration factor in explicit scheme depends
linearly on the computing devices number.

The purpose of the study is determined by a significant expansion of the classes of threats to
modern automated systems, the dynamic development of tactics and techniques for attacking their
information resources. The available methods and hardware and software tools effectively resist
single-stage attacks that have a fixed scheme of destructive impact and time-limited activity. Modern
types of destructive influences are understood as multi-stage complex attacks, for which it is
important to create an adequate and effective apparatus for describing, modeling and repelling
new types of attacks. Research methods are based on the development of a structural-algebraic
approach, primarily on the apparatus of formal grammars and metagrammars. It has been established
that the well-known formal models for describing and modeling multi-stage complex attacks
are cumbersome, and their modification is difficult. Most attack descriptors are not equipped with
a representative set of methods for structural and algebraic analysis of such complexly structured
objects. To describe, model and repel such attacks, a class of reconfiguration metagrammars has
been developed. These metagrammars contain a set of regular and reconfiguration rules for
matching between grammar elements within the grammar. These rules allow you to select specific
branches of the search graph depending on the achieved parsing states. This property significantly
reduces the search space and thus increases the specific efficiency of the search. The developed
apparatus of reconfiguration metagrammars creates the necessary theoretical basis for their effective
use in modeling and reflecting existing and prospective ICAs that have a structural-linguistic
description. The resulting qualimetric five-dimensional diagram, built on a set of practically significant
indicators (homogeneity, connectivity, compactness, adaptability, directionality) showed
the advantage of reconfiguration metagrammars over general metagrammars. Methods of parsing
in reconfiguration metagrammars differ in structural rules of reconfiguration (structural adaptation)
and selection criteria for their adaptation. These procedural features make it possible to
expand the possibilities of attack modeling and improve the efficiency of procedures for repelling
multi-stage complex attacks.

Near-field magnetic communication (NFMC) has unique characteristics, such as secrecy,
communication channel security, the ability to pass a signal through the vast majority of obstacles
without significant attenuation. NFMC can be used in such use cases where traditional radio is
impossible. One of the tasks in which the use of NFMC is relevant is to provide reliable wireless communication for rescuers, firefighters, employees of the Ministry of Emergency Situations when
performing their professional activities in the conditions of blockages caused by various destructions
of urban buildings. It should be noted that under such conditions, the conductivity of building
materials and soil can affect the propagation of not only electric, but also magnetic fields. The fact
is that due to the conductivity of such materials, when using radio coupling, eddy currents arise in
the materials, which leads to the appearance of a secondary magnetic field that is in antiphase.
The system under consideration is not subject to the effects described above. This article presents
the results of experimental studies aimed at studying the interference environment in the NFMC
channel. Field experiments were carried out to measure the interference environment. Based on
the data obtained, it was concluded that the use of NFMC systems in urban environments is a rather
difficult task due to the nature of the interference propagating in the channel of this type of
communication. The effective use of NFMC requires the development of receiving devices that
provide sufficiently strong filtering of signals outside the selected band. Narrow band and high
order filtering is key priority of observed communication system.

The coherent optical communication technology allows to create a transmission system over
long distances with high bandwidth. Higher order modulation formats such as Quadrature Phase
Shift Keying (QPSK) provide high data rates in a simple, reliable and cost-effective manner. These
multi-bit modulation methods are transmitted as a symbol implementing simple in-phase and
quadrature (IQ) modulation formats. To increase throughput in coherent optical systems, optical
subcarrier multiplexing is used, when several radio signals are multiplexed on one optical carrier.
This multiplexing is limited by double sideband, resulting in reduced received subcarrier power
and degraded carrier-to-noise ratio. To accumulate these effects, many ways of implementing
optical single sideband (OSSB) are proposed. The paper proposes an analysis of a coherent optical
transmission system for generating single-sideband QPSK modulation using an optical I/Q
modulator and M-ary RF pulse shaping. The pseudo-random bit sequence generator generates a
10 Gb/s modulation baseband signal. Each bit sequence is converted into an M-ary sequence of
symbols from binary signals using phase shift keying (PSK). The M-ary pulse generator generates
a multi-level pulse shaping according to the sequence of M-ary input symbols. Electrical pulses
are applied to the electrodes of the electro-optical modulator according to the Mach–Zehnder
interferometer (MZM) scheme. The I/Q modulator operated at the quadrature operating point in
both the in-phase and quadrature branches, with an extinction ratio 60 dB and 3 V switching voltage.
The light wave is emitted by a CW laser with a wavelength of 1550 nm.

An algorithm for processing space-time signals based on a MIMO-OFDM communication
system in the presence of active interference is described. Theoretical calculations are given, the
detection of approaches that often cause the bandwidth of the communication channel when leaving
a point source of active interference. The task is relevant in the conditions of dense urban development,
as well as the steadily growing need to improve noise immunity and communication
quality without bandwidth coverage. To process information in a MIMO-OFDM system without
interference, engineers mainly use the criterion of maximum signal-to-noise ratios, however, in the
presence of active interference, the Wiener criteria. It measures the minimum RMS pilot measurement communication channel with and without adaptation using the Wiener criterion and the presence
of interference with two types of modulation (QAM-4, BPSK). The results show that the adaptation
improves the BER (bit error rate) state along the entire line of the curve and for all SNRs.
The developed algorithm can be used for communication and control systems of unmanned aerial
vehicles in the presence of active interference.
error in OFDM. In this case, a signal receipt of a monetary amount, an eigenvector is detected,
weight processing is performed, a signal is received that occurs according to the minimum
error criterion. An orthogonal frequency division multiplexing technology with pilot subcarriers is
reduced at the receive frequency in frequency and modulation code. Thresholding was found in the
decrypted code, produced by the RMS comparison. The arrival of big money comes from this own
number. Pilot-based enumeration searches for the minimum acceptable error. The eigenvector of
the found signal will be for weight processing. Experiments are carried out to detect a signal in a

Due to the accelerated growth in the use of groups of autonomously functioning unmanned aerial
vehicles (UAVs) in various environments, solving the problem of optimizing the functioning of groups of
such vehicles according to the criterion of the minimum energy consumed is an urgent scientific task. In
this article, a new approach is being developed to ensure energy saving of a group of unmanned aerial
vehicles (UAVs) by using UAV charging stations that provide the necessary versatility in servicing different
types of vehicles. The most effective variants of landing systems, precise positioning, power generation
at the station are considered, and a hybrid charging system combining contact and contactless methods is also justified. A generalized scheme of multi-stage interaction of the UAV with the charging
station is given, which provides for the possibility of repeating one of the stages if it is not fully completed
within certain time intervals, and also takes into account the peculiarities of interaction between
agents through the communication channels available to them. The problem of optimal distribution
according to the energy criterion of the group's UAVs between destinations (PN) combined with charging
stations (SP) has been set and solved. Both the cruising mode and the maneuvering of the vehicle
during takeoff and landing, when the power consumption increases, are taken into account. The concept
of the effective distance to the destination is introduced, taking into account the estimated energy costs
of each UAV to reach this destination, taking into account its arbitrary current position and the available
queue of tasks at the moment. To study the developed approaches and algorithms for targeting and
planning the movement of the group's UAVs, software based on the Unity environment was created and
tested. The flexibility of the latter allows modeling various algorithms of information interactions
of elements within a group of UAVs, a group of charging stations, as well as cross-interactions
between UAVs and charging stations. In particular, the software allows you to determine at each
discrete moment the degree of charge of each UAV, the queues of destinations for each UAV, its
history of recharge at stations.

This article offers one of the variants of the concept of developing and implementing the synthesis
of MIS from the perspective of a systematic approach, which is designed to solve the problems of diagnosing
diseases through the application and development of a methodology for verifying the state of
fragments of biological objects using computed tomographic images and using statistical parameters for
this (expectation, variance, histogram, coefficient of variation, autocorrelation matrix, correlation coefficient) for quantitative assessment of the conditions of the frontal or maxillary sinus in
otolaryngological diseases, chest organs in bronchopulmonary diseases, bone tissues and their identification
in accordance with the class of pathologies in the diagnosis of the patient in automatic mode by
radiographic (tomographic) images. A variant of the implementation of MIS for the diagnosis and evaluation
of the results of medical research is proposed, built on a modular principle based on the technologies
of Intranet and Internet networks using standard data transmission protocols, audio-video information,
graphic information of a medical nature and including a subsystem of technical support, a subsystem
of mathematical support, a subsystem of software, a subsystem of information support, a subsystem
of organizational support, information security subsystem, subsystem of methodological support
and support. It is pointed out the current state of development of medical diagnostic equipment, the
equipment of which medical institutions of the country and its non-operational accessibility to the population
contributed to and led to the emergence and active development of new directions in the field of
radiation diagnostics, which include: digital and film radiography, computed tomography, magnetic
resonance imaging. A brief analysis of the implementation of mathematical models of diagnostic methods
implemented by software for the functioning of the decision support subsystem of the medical
automated information system is given. Examples of practical implementation of software and information
support for verification methods of medical objects in the form of screen forms for working
with fragments of the object under study and the results of the analysis of radiographic images are
shown. This makes it possible to increase the efficiency, accuracy of verification of the state of medical
biological objects, the reliability of the disease diagnosis process. The scientific novelty, the results
of the approbation of the material presented in the article at international, All-Russian conferences,
scientific journals are shown.

The article analyzes research work in the direction of the correct location of the load center,
centering and gravity of the aircraft at the design and manufacturing stage in order to improve the
efficiency and safety of flights, as well as the characteristics of existing methods and means, and,
using the example of a tiltrotor unmanned aerial vehicle, a methodology for using the known the
"scale-graph" method, which is widely used in determining the center of gravity of an aircraft.
When determining the mass of the tiltrotor-type unmanned aerial vehicle designed and developed
by us and calculating the coordinates of the center of gravity, an analysis of the standard deviation
and probable error was carried out. The characteristics and possibilities of practical application
of mobile electronic scales as the main means of measuring the load of an unmanned aerial
vehicle in stationary conditions, as well as direct weighing, which makes it possible to determine
the center of gravity, are considered. A method developed for determining the center of gravity of
an aircraft with increased accuracy is described, and a model for constructing the proposed
system is presented. The results of theoretical and experimental studies carried out to determine the mass and center of gravity of an unmanned aerial vehicle are analyzed. To do this, in
accordance with the methodology, the plane of the laboratory table was brought to a
horizontal position with a level gauge and the measurement errors of digital measuring
scales were checked according to the results of measuring the reference load. The
measurements were repeated by changing the position of the scales clockwise. According to
the measurement results, since the center of gravity of the aircraft was taken differently on
both axes, and the intermediate point fell outside the central axis (to the right or left, front to
back), repeated measurements were taken by shifting the load in the appropriate direction to
ensure centering during measurements. According to the final results, center of gravity
diagrams were constructed based on the calculated values of the coordinates of the points of
intersection of the diagonals and random slope values were determined. Based on the
diagrams constructed using the program, the final graph was obtained with the root-meansquare
error of the deviation of the aircraft from the axis of symmetry, equal to σ=0.047 sm